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Early diagnosis of spinal cord neoplasia serves patients from developing a number of complications and even death.
Lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) is a degenerative spinal disease of elderly people, and it not only impairs the mechanical activity but also alters the economic and mental status of the patients indirectly.
Lhermitte and Duclos first described the dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum in 1920. In the last 100 years, its clinical presentation, radiological features, pathological characteristics, and associati...
Cavernous hemangiomas are benign vascular malformations, probably representing the most common intraorbital and intraconal tumors in the adult population.
An encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect characterized by herniation of cranial contents through a defect in the cranium and is caused by failure of the closure of the cranial part of the developing...
Glioblastoma multiform with primitive neuronal component (GBM-PNC) has been recently defined as a rare variant of glioblastoma multiform (GBM), which shows characteristically pathological pattern of less diffe...
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion is widely used in the treatment of different kinds of hydrocephalus. Shunt failure is one of the most common complications; however complete intracranial shunt migration is...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be a condition that carries high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability around the world. One of its complications is neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), which i...
Incidental durotomy (ID) during lumbar spine surgery is a frequent complication of lumbar spine surgical procedures. Many surgical techniques were described in literature for repair of durotomy, however it is ...
Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) is a common procedure unusually practiced by neurosurgeons due to lack of training.
Finding an aneurysmal bone cyst in the skull is rare and for a neurosurgeon to come across such lesions in the sphenoid bone with orbital extension is even rarer.
Endovascular coiling has gained worldwide acceptance in the management of intracranial aneurysms. However, not all aneurysms can be coiled. Direct aneurysm puncture with aneurysm thrombosis has been performed,...
Achieving hemostasis during neurosurgical procedures within deep seated tumors is of paramount importance. Chemical methods like using ORC and gel foam are preferred to bipolar cautery as bipolar cautery cause...
The association of cervical osteomyelitis with epidural abscess is extremely rare; atypical symptomatology is what makes diagnosing and management challenging. This case is the sixth case reported in the liter...
Hospital-based cancer registries can provide information on the magnitude and distribution of cancers in a given hospital. Hospital-based brain tumor registry data, focusing on glioma, from a tertiary care rur...
The indications of transcranial approaches for pituitary adenomas have declined in the last decades with the widespread performance of endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches.
Aneurysm of vein of Galen is a rare congenital arteriovenous malformation. Clinical manifestations depend on the age of discovery. Endovascular embolization is currently the treatment of choice. This technique...
The most successful surgical management of periventricular and intraventricular cysts is still a matter of debate. Up to the early 1990s, open cyst fenestration and cystoperitoneal shunts were the only options...
The additional information that transcranial Doppler can provide as part of a multimodal imaging protocol in many clinical settings has not been evaluated.
Large intraventricular tumors (IVTs) impose technical and surgical challenges, due to their enormous sizes, mass effect, vast extensions, and vascularity.
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye. After intravenous injection, it reaches the vessels of the brain within 30 s. A real-time visualization of the cerebral vasculature is possible.
Cryoablation has been used by neurosurgeons in the past and is currently being used by other disciplines to treat kidney cancer, skin lesions, and cardiac conduction defects. Because the currently available cr...
Pineal region tumors are commonly present in the pediatric age group. However, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is very rare at this region, and only few case reports have been reported till now in literature.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterized by positional headache caused by low CSF pressure, without any major traumatic event. Optimal treatment is still debated; epidural blood patch (EBP) ...
Stroke is a neurological emergency that tends to be the first cause of death in many countries. Atmospheric variables are strongly associated with stroke, in which subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been associ...
Disorder of consciousness diagnosis, especially when is classified as persistent vegetative state (without misestimating the other diagnosis classifications), in the intensive care is an important diagnosis to...
The aim of lumbopelvic fixation is to obtain a solid fusion across the lumbosacral junction. There are many indications for lumbopelvic fixation, namely, spinal deformity in cases requiring long segment fusion...
Formation of post-operative neuroma formation after laparoscopic surgery is not common. Its diagnosis is often missed because pain often mimics intra-abdominal pathology. In this paper, the authors report a ca...
Free-hand tapping of the lateral ventricle through the posterior approach is a standard procedure. There are occasions, however, when more than one pass is needed. One way to make it easy and safe is to use a ...
Encephaloceles are cystic congenital malformations in which central nervous system (CNS) structures, in communication with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, herniate through a defect in the cranium. Hydrocep...
Surgical outcomes of upper lumbar disc herniations (ULDHs) including T12-L1, L1-L2, and L2-L3 levels are characteristically less favorable and more unpredictable.
Cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a main source of morbidity for affected individuals, their family members, and their community. There are numerous serum biomarkers, which are elevate...
Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury is a hazardous catastrophe for the skull base surgery team. We aimed to illustrate the vital joints in this hazardous event during endoscopic surgery.
Fungal infections of the CNS are almost always a clinical surprise. Aspergillus species although ubiquitous are more frequently observed in immuno-compromised individuals upon inhalation of conidia. Most of th...
Anatomy of anterior communicating vascular complex is variable and sometimes causes troublesome situations during microsurgical clipping of ruptured anterior communicating (Acom) aneurysms. Preoperative unders...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide major health problem associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Intracranial hypertension following TBI is the main but not the only cause of early mort...
Collateral circulation is a vascular network which maintains the blood flow after the partial blockage of primary vascular pathways. This acts as potential vascular supplementary system and plays important rol...
The surgery of giant intracranial meningiomas (GIM) is difficult due to its large size, prominent vascularity, including and limiting visualization of various neurovascular structures, and severe cerebral edem...
Management of pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis still represent a major conflict and challenge in neurosurgery due to different pathogens and the different methods available for management.
Intracranial mass lesions can lead to transtentorial uncal herniation, and pupillary asymmetry is a well-recognized sign of impending cerebral herniation. Impending uncal herniation can lead to ipsilateral, bi...
Paediatric strokes are a different entity owing to the difference in pathological entity causing the stroke as well as difficulty in treatment and management due to the presence of a growing brain and small va...
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS) remains endemic in developing countries with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in imaging and treatment. The objective of our work was to describe t...
Management of lumbar canal stenosis should be started with conservative treatment and preferably with a multimodal approach, but in cases of severe pain with extensive neurogenic claudication symptoms, surgica...
Posterior fossa brain tumours are one of the most devastating forms of human illnesses which are more common in children. Brainstem compression, herniation and death are the risks with tumours in this critical...
Meningioma arising from locations in the vicinity of the optic nerve or chiasm may affect the visual function and sometimes the presentation of such tumors. Decompression of the optic nerve or chiasm can give ...
Cryptococcal infection of the brain usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals and manifests with signs and symptoms suggestive of meningoencephalitis. It is rare to come across this infection as a brain ...
The anterior skull base region can be reached through multiple corridors. The most frequently used are the pterional, bifrontal, unifrontal, and orbitozygomatic approaches. These approaches are more extensive ...
Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical fractures specially type II. Anterior odontoid screw fixation has many advantages with low incidence of surgical complications.
Intracerebral hemorrhage is hemorrhage occurring in the brain that can occur because of immediate trauma or structural disease process. The age-standardized mortality rate is decreasing worldwide especially in...
Anterior cervical foraminotomy represents a relatively recent minimally invasive approach that can potentially preserve the intervertebral disc and thus the functional motion segment.
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