Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Author | Year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Male/female | Mean follow up | Mean age (years) | Presenting symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mohan [22] | 2022 | USA | Retrospective | 55 | 36/19 | 8 years | 72 ± 11.1 | NA |
Mooney [23] | 2023 | USA | Retrospective | 86 | 11 years | 68 | Headache 52 (60%), Nausea/Vomiting 14 (16%), Weakness 4 (4%) | |
Liu [16] | 2023 | China | Retrospective | 52 | 40/12 | 3 years | 83.9 (3.3) | Limb 42 (80.8), Dizziness 21 (40.4), Headache weakness15 (28.8), Speech impairment 4 (7.7), Incontinence 3 (5.8), Nausea/vomiting 2 (3.8), Seizure 2 (3.8), Unconsciousness 1 (1.9) |
Ortiz [24] | 2020 | USA | Case–control | 25 | 19/6 | 2.7 years | 71.5 | Headache: 40, Neural Deficit: 36, Ataxia: 4, Seizure: 4, AMS: 12 |
Golub [17] | 2020 | USA | Case–control | 39 | 29/10 | 6.69 years | 68.7 | Headache: 5.6, Neural Deficit: 53.4, AMS: 23.1 |
Hoffman [25] | 2018 | USA | Case series | 126 | NA | 2.7 years | 71.6 | Headache: 39, Neural Deficit: 42, Ataxia: 9, Seizure: 0.7, AMS: 51 |
Flint [26] | 2017 | USA | Case series | 371 | 257/114 | 6 years | 75 | NA |
Tanweer [27] | 2016 | USA | Case series | 14 | NA | 3 years | 56.4 | AMS: 42.9, Headache: 28.6, Ataxia: 14.3, neural deficit: 14.3 |
Balser [28] | 2013 | USA | Case series | 29 | 44 | NA | 76.6 | Neural deficit: 75, Ataxia: 41 |
Safain [29] | 2013 | USA | Case series | 23 | 15/8 | 3 years | 68 | Neural Deficit: 71.4, Seizure: 9 |
Neal [30] | 2013 | USA | Case series | 159 | 99/60 | 3 years | 74.2 | Neural Deficit: 34.1, Ataxia: 22.5, Seizure: 1.6, AMS: 40.3 |
Singla [31] | 2013 | USA | Case series | 52 | 37/15 | 6 years | 73 | Headache: 55.7, Neural Deficit: 46.2, Ataxia: 17.3, Seizure: 1.9, AMS: 51.9 |
Rughani [32] | 2010 | USA | Case–control | 21 | 85/44 | 2.2 years | 73 | Headache: 47.6, Neural Deficit: 47.5, Ataxia: 66.7, Seizure: 9.5, AMS: 61.9 |
Kenning [33] | 2010 | USA | Case series | 74 | 45/10 | 1 years | 69.2 | Headache: 31, Neural Deficit: 23, Ataxia: 20, Seizure: 4, AMS: 22 |
Asfora [34] | 2001 | USA | Case series | 20 | NA | 1 years | 73.6 | NA |