Table 1 Patients’ demographics: (*) significant
Case series | Total number | 159 | ||
Excluded | 105 | |||
Included | 54 | |||
Age (infants) | ≤ 28 days (neonates) | 5.5% | ||
> 28 days to 6 months (babies) | 70.3% | |||
>6 to 12 months (young infants) | 24.2% | |||
Sex | Male | 61.4% | ||
Female | 39.6% | |||
Etiology | Aqueductal stenosis | 81.6% | ||
Aqueductal tumor | 5.5% | |||
Post-hemorrhagic | 3.7% | |||
Post-infection | 3.7% | |||
Others | 5.5% | |||
Histopathology | Subependymoma | 66.6% | ||
Astrocytoma | 33.4% | |||
Types of TC | Thin/transparent | 57% | ||
Congested | 4% | |||
Thick/opaque | 39% | |||
Types of LM | Thick/dense | 33.3% | ||
Thin/transparent | 63% | |||
Fenestrated | 3.7% | |||
ETV-DS | Green (straightforward communication with SAS/BC) (ETV-DS= ≤1) | 3.7% | ||
Yellow (difficult-but-achievable ETV) (ETV-DS=2-4) | 59.3% | |||
Orange and Red (complex cases that require advanced skills)(ETV-DS=5-8) | 33.3% | |||
Black (including phantom third ventricle)(ETV-DS=≥9) | 3.7% | |||
ETV-FT | Green (adequate flow & complete resolution of symptoms) | 43% | ||
Yellow (patent stoma with gradual resolution of symptoms during the adaptation-period) | 20% | |||
Red (obstructed stoma with persistent symptoms “including progressive head enlargement” that are resistant to postoperative CSF release) | 37% | |||
Outcome = ETV-FT color scale | Dark green (ETV-FT=0) | 29% | Favorable | 63% |
Light green (ETV-FT=1) | 14% | |||
Yellow (ETV-FT=2) | 20% | |||
Orange (ETV-FT=3) | Impending failure (10.3%) | Unfavorable | 37% | |
Red (ETV-FT=4) | Actual failure (26.7%) | |||
Failure (impending/ true)-related factors | Difficult/unsafe perforation of the thick/dense LM (P = 0.001)* | 87% | ||
Stoma closure with scar formation | 3.7% | |||
Delayed post-meningetic sequences | 5.6% | |||
Other | 3.7% | |||
Complications | Unilateral minor injury “red spots” to the column of the fornix | 2% | ||
Controllable bleeding due to minor venous injury around FM | 3.7% | |||
Ipsilateral postoperative subdural hygroma (subdural-peritoneal shunt) | 0.5% | |||
Intraoperative acute subdural hematoma (immediate endoscopic evacuation) | 0.5% | |||
Postoperative CSF leak | 5.6% | |||
Post-meningitic sequelae | 3.7% | |||
Tension pneumocephalus | - | |||
Serious major neurovascular injuries | - | |||
Subgaleal-CSF collection | Soft (type I) without CSF leak | 22% | ||
Tense (type II) +/- CSF leak | 7.4% | |||