Fig. 3

Neuroendoscopic video-captured images from 10 different cases showing the inter-(hypo)thalamic adhesions (A, B), types of tuber cinerium (TC) (C–E), types of Liliequist membrane (LM) and beautiful visual confirmation (F-H): A, B 2 different cases showing that the hypothalamic adhesions are III-VT anomaly that hinders the freedom for ETV stoma maneuverability. (A) Massa intermedia (MI) to be differentiated from (B) Hypothalamic adhesions (hypoth adhesions). TC: tuber cinerium, MB: mammillary bodies, CP: choroid plexus, PC: posterior commissure, star aquedusct os Sylvius. (C–E) types of tuber cinerium (TC) in 6 different infants, C thin transparent TC in 4 different infants (large and upper/middle/lower insets) where the deeper structures (including basilar artery (BA), dorsum sellae (DS)) can be seen. Besides, the infundibular recess (inf) and mammillary bodies can be evaluated. Upper, middle and lower insets showing other examples of thin transparent TC with different degrees of visualization of deeper structures. D Congested type with engorged veins hindering the ETV (ǂ) (= yellow sign) and how to overcome this (insets). E Thick opaque type with III-VT wall deposits/pigmentations (#). F–H 2 different cases showing the importance to open the LM and visual confirmation of the basal cistern (= green sign). F The structure within the SAS/BC can be seen behind the thin LM “including basilar artery (BA), dorsum sellae (DS).” Besides, the oculomotor nerve (III) and uncus of temporal lobe (TL) can be seen via the created stoma. G Following reasonable opening of the LM, the pituitary fossa (PF), DS, posterior clinoid process (PCP), naked BA, brainstem (BS), III, TL, anterior petroclinoid ligament (¶) and porus occulomotaris (§) are confirmed. H Another example: after realistic distal opening of LM we can appreciate the foramen magnum (FM), right abducent nerve (VI) entering the Drello’s canal (DC) (= green sign). BA with its perforators to the brainstem, right oculomotor (III) are confirmed