Table 12 Mean measurements of trajectory to brainstem (mm)
From: The foramen ovale: a keyhole to the brain? Computer simulations of percutaneous FO punctures
BRAINSTEM | ||
|---|---|---|
Access | Hartel | |
Side | LEFT | RIGHT |
Number | 10 | 10 |
FO | Anterior | Anterior |
TL | 108.2 (± 7.9) | 107.9 (± 8.9) |
ICL | 31.6 (± 2.8) | 30.9 (± 3.1) |
ALPHA | 40.8° (± 7.6°) | 42.5° (± 5.9°) |
BETA | 34.0° (± 7.3°) | 31.4° (± 8.4°) |
Maxilla | 13.0 (± 3.0) | 11.1° (± 2.0) |
Mandibula | 0.8 (± 0.3) | 2.0 (± 1.5) |
Pterygoid | 9.1 (± 2.1) | 7.4 (± 1.8) |
Pars petrosus | 7.5° (± 4.9) | 7.6° (± 3.5) |
A. maxilaris | 8.4 (± 3.6) | 10.2 (± 8.2) |
A. carotis | 4.7 (± 2.0) | 6.0 (± 2.0) |