Table 2 Clinical characteristics of encephalocele, cranial anomalies, complications of encephalocele, outcome of the studied patients

Sex

 Male

14 (46.67%)

 Female

16 (53.33%)

Location

 Occipital

20 (66.7%)

 Occipitocervical

6 (20%)

 Parietal

2 (6.7%)

 Basal (transehmoidal)

1 (3.3%)

 Frontoethmoidal

1 (3.3%)

Size

(9.10 × 9.38) ± (8.18 × 8.04)

Content

 Neural tissue

19 (63.33%)

Head circumference

 < 35 cm

7 (23.33%)

 ≥ 35 cm

23 (76.66%)

 Sac rupture with CSF leak

2 (6.67%)

Cranial anomalies

 Corpus callosum dysgenesis

6 (20.0%)

 Dandy–Walker malformation

2 (6.67%)

 Preoperative hydrocephalous

2 (6.67%)

 Microcephaly

7 (23.33%)

 Total

17 (56.66%)

Extracranial anomalies

 Cleft lip

2 (6.67%)

 Klippel feil syndrome

2 (6.67%)

 Microtia

1 (3.33%)

 Polycystic kidney

1 (3.33%)

 Cardiac anomalies

2(6.67)

Complication

 Wound infection

2 (6.67%)

 CSF leaking from repaired wound

3 (10.0%)

 Postoperative hydrocephalus

5 (16.67%)

 Seizures

6 (20%)

Outcome

 Good

13 (43.3%)

 Delayed development

14 (46.7%)

 Died

3 (10.0%)