Table 1 Percutaneous interventional disc procedures (Santiago et al. [75])
From: Interventional non-operative management of low back and neck pain
Intervention | Technique | Description |
|---|---|---|
Thermal decompression | Percutaneous laser decompression | Laser energy vaporizes a small volume of nucleus pulposus |
Intradiscal electrothermal therapy | Flexible thermal resistive coil (electrode or catheter) coagulates the disc tissue with radiant heat | |
Intervertebral disc nucleoplasty | Bipolar radiofrequency energy causes molecular dissociation and dissolves nuclear material | |
Mechanical decompression | Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy | Pneumatically driven suction-cutting probe |
Percutaneous disc decompression | Mechanical high rotation per minute device with spiral tips or metallic laminae or water-driven suction-cutting probe | |
Percutaneous discectomy | Herniotome extracts hernia or portion of the hernia to decrease pressure on the nerve root | |
Chemical decompression | DiscoGel | Gelified ethanol causes dehydration of nucleus pulposus |
Ozone therapy | Ozone’s chemical properties and the reaction of hydroxyl radical with carbohydrates and amino acids leads to breakdown of nucleus pulposus | |
Biomaterial implantation “regenerative injection treatment (RIT)” | Hydrogel, platelet-rich plasma, and stem cell therapy | Aim: intervertebral disc regeneration |