Fig. 7

Fluoroscopic view for transpedicular access to the vertebral body. Upper views show the target point “red dot” at the centre of the “Scottie Dog” eye. Lower views Identify the safe margins during insertion of the needle. During pedicle trajectory, the medial cortex of the pedicle is considered the safe medial limit on AP view (red dot in lower left view) until the posterior vertebral wall is passed on the lateral view (red dot in the lower right view). Inside the body, the needle can be advanced towards the midline in AP view (blue dot in lower left view) and the safe limit is the junction between the anterior and middle thirds of the vertebral body in lateral view (blue dot in lower right view).