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Table 1 List of include studies in this review

From: Does early tethered cord release in occult spinal dysraphism improve urological outcomes? A systematic review

Serial

Author

N

Mean age in years

Primary outcome

Secondary outcome

1

Anthony et al. [16], 1992

35

0.25/10

Infant vs. Children 81.8% vs. 16.6% percent improvement

Out of 29 children 11 had abnormal Urodynamics, 9 improved and 2 remained the same

2

Meyrat et al. [17], 2003

15

5

Only UDS improvement no clinical data

Gradual improvement of UD score at 12 months

3

Guerra et al. [18], 2006

24

6

All urological symptoms improved

7 out of 21 patients with abnormal UDS improved

4

Khoury et al. [19], 1990

31

8.6

8/29 72% improvement

16/27 improved in DO (59%)

5

Hsieh et al. [20], 2006

162

17

2 cases of urological symptoms improved postoperatively (but incontinent case was retained, i.e., complicated)

Of the 17 children who underwent TCR

10 had abnormal UDS and 7 normal UDS,

5 of the 10 improved postop. All 7 normal were normal postop as preop

6

Macejko et al. [21], 2007

79

0.8

Out of 79 patients 49 had no postop urological problems, 20 had minor, 10 had major. The 2 presented with urological problems preoperatively improved

8/30 (27%) UDS improvement. 10/36 (28%) deterioration of normal UDS

No clinical correlation

7

Ailawadhi et al. [22], 2013

11

9.6

16/24 improved 8/24 the same. None were worse

In 24 patients. UDS low compliance 3 out of 11 improved, involuntary contractions of bladder 5 out of 18 improved, dyssynergia 7 out of 19 improved

8

Yener et al. [23], 2015

40

7.2

All improved. 13 patients in group 1 (preop + symptoms, postop -ve), 11 in group 2 (pre and postop + ve), 3 in group 3 (-ve pre, + ve post), 13 in group 4 (pre and post -ve)

improvement was seen throughout groups of postop UDS findings

9

Alsowayan et al. [15], 2016

22

0.1

8 asymp + 14 symp (9 urological)

9/9 improved in symptomatic

UC improved 7/15

DSD improved 5/7

10

Kumar et al. [24] 2017

15

7.6

7 improved 1 worsened the rest?

Improved in 6/15, 3/15 worsened, 6/15 unchanged

11

Rendeli et al [25], 2007

64

3

No clinical only urodynamic

64 patients classified by age: < 12 months best urodynamic results 65% improved, 12–36 m 33%, > 36 m 28%

12

Broderick et al [26], 2015

27

3

27 patients asymptomatic 26/27 the same 1 complication

15 had UDS FU postop, 13/14 improved

13

Metcalfe et al. [27], 2006

36

2

Urinary improvement in 26/36 patients (72%)

UDS improved in 57% of cases

14

Frainey et al. [28], 2014

59

5

59 patients 20 asymptomatic 19 were continent post-TCR

39 were symptomatic:

28 continent pre TCR remained continent post-TCR

11 incontinent pre TCCR 5 gained continence post-TCR

Assessment of urodynamic data revealed that neither pre- nor post-TCR urodynamics predicted continence status

15

Noguiera et al. [29], 2004

13

9

13 patients; Postoperative improvement in 7 (54%) but 5 remained on anticholinergics

Postoperative UDS resolution of hyperreflexia in 5 (45%) patients and areflexia in the patient with incontinence (50%)