Table 1 Metastasis of glioblastoma to the parotid gland reported in the literature
Authors, year | Cases | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Age | Primary tumor | Site of tumor | Treatments | Metastasis timing | Concomittant metastasis (Other than parotid gland) | Treatments | Prognosis (Dx after metastasis) | |
Moghtader and Washington [15] | M | 64 | Astrocytoma (grade II WHO) | Temporal | Macroscopic total removal + postoperative RT (5070 r with Cobalt 60) | 3 months | Intracranial, cervical lymph nodes, cheek, | Cervical node biopsy + Radical parotidectomy + radical neck dissection + Local RT | Died after 6 months |
Megele et al. [16] | M | 66 | Malignant, protoplasmic astrocytoma (grade III WHO) | Temporal | Macroscopic total removal + postoperative RT (60 Gy) | 9 months | Intracranial, cervical lymph nodes, mouth | Partial parotidectomy + Recurrence macroscopic total removal + Radical parotidectomy + radical neck dissection + The facial nerve reconstruction | Died after 4 months |
Waite et al. [6] | M | 40 | Glioblastoma | Frontal | Macroscopic total removal + frontal lobectomy + postoperative RT (60 Gy) | 2 years | Intracranial, cervical lymph nodes, submandibular | Tru-cut biopsy of the parotid mass | Died after 2 months |
Park et al. [17] | F | 25 | Glioblastoma | Frontoparietal | Subtotal resection + external beam radiation therapy to 59.4 Gy | 9 months | Intracranial, Scalp | Re- resection + external beam radiation therapy to scalp + Chemotherapy + VP shunt | Died after 1 year |
Kühn et al. [18] | M | 58 | Glioblastoma | Temporal | Macroscopic total removal + temporal lobectomy + subsequent RT | 9 months | Intracranial | Total parotidectomy | Unknown |
Taha et al. [19] | M | 33 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO) | Frontal | Postoperative RT (60 Gy) + chemotherapy | 6 months | Lymph nodes | Parotide biopsy (Local RT + PCV Chemotherapy) | Died after 3 months |
Ogungbo et al. [20] | F | 49 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO) | Occipital | Postoperative RT (total 30 Gy) + chemotherapy (CCNU + Procarbazine) | 5 months | Intracranial | Parotide biopsy | Died after 11 months |
Kraft et al. [21] | M | 58 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO) | Temporal | Postoperative RT + palliative chemotherapy (Temozolomide) | 15 months | Intracranial, orbita, lung and pleura, mediastinal lymph nodes, thoracic spine, femur, liver, left auricle heart | Total parotidectomy | Died after 2 months |
Taskapılıoglu et al. [22] | F | 30 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO) | Frontal | Postoperative RT + palliative chemotherapy (Temozolomide) | 10 months | Bones, Lymph nodes | Radical parotidectomy + radical neck dissection | Died after 6 months |
Romero-Rojas et al. [23] | M | 26 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO) | Frontal | Postoperative RT + palliative chemotherapy (Temozolomide) | 6 months | Lymph nodes, bones | Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) | Documented 2-year survival after diagnosis |
Swinnen et al. [24] | F | 56 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO-IDH wildtype) | Temporal | Postoperative RT + palliative chemotherapy (Temozolomide + Axitinib + Avelumab) | 3.5 months | Intracranial, lymph nodes, lung | Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) | Died after 11 months |
Alhoulaiby et al. [25] | M | 53 | Glioblastoma (grade IV WHO) | Temporoparietal | Postoperative RT (total 60 Gy) + chemotherapy (Temozolomide) | 6 months | Intracranial, bones | Parotide biopsy | Died after 4 months |
Başkurt et al. this study | M | 42 | Glioblastom (grade IV WHO—NOS) | Temporal | Microscopic grosstotal removal + postoperative RT (60 Gy) + chemotherapy (Temozolomide) | 15 months | Intracranial, cervical lymph nodes, | Parotide biopsy Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) | Still alive |