Case No | Year | Age | Site | Associated Findings | Surgery |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 [18] | 2002 | 26 days | Occipital | No brain tissue in the sac, hydrocephalus | Excision; second surgery; VP shunt |
2 [18] | 2002 | 3 months | Occipital | Hydrocephalus | VP shunt; surgical excision and repair |
3 [18] | 2003 | 10 days | Occipital | No associated findings | Surgical excision and repair |
4 [18] | 2003 | 9 months | Occipital | Polygyria; microgyria; craniostenosis | Surgical excision and repair; craniotomy; cranioplasty by autologous bone |
5 [18] | 2004 | 2 ½ months | Occipital | Hydrocephalus | VP shunt; surgical excision and repair |
6 [18] | 2005 | 4 months | Occipital | Hydrocephalus; craniostenosis | Surgical excision and repair; craniectomy |
7 [18] | 2005 | 5 months | Occipital | Hydrocephalus; craniostenosis | Surgical excision and repair; craniectomy and cranioplasty |
8 [18] | 2006 | 3 months | Occipital | No hydrocephalus; craniostenosis | Craniectomy; excision; cranioplasty by methyl methacrylate |
9 [18] | 2007 | 1 month | Occipital | Hydrocephalus | VP shunt; Surgical excision and repair |
10 [18] | 2008 | 1 year | Occipital | Hydrocephalus | Surgical excision and repair. VP shunt 4th day |
11 [18] | 2008 | 4 years | Occipital | No associated findings | Repair of encephalocele |
12 [18] | 2009 | 4 months | Occipital | Microcephaly; craniostenosis; small bony defect | Surgical excision and repair; craniectomy |
13 [18] | 2009 | 20 days | Occipital | Microcephaly | Surgical excision and repair; patient had intraoperative hypothermia |
14 [12] | 2010 | 4 months | Occipital | No associated findings | Sac was opened. The herniated brain tissue looked redundant. The sac was reduced in size, sufficient enough to accommodate the healthy-looking brain tissue. The skin was closed with interrupted sutures |
15 [4] | 2014 | 14 days | Occipital | History of limb weakness. There was no bladder and bowel dysfunction | Under general anesthesia with prone position excision and repair of sac was done |
16 [3] | 2014 | 1 month | Occipital | No associated findings | The dysplastic portion of the occipital lobe was removed, and tight dural closure was achieved in two layers |
17 [11] | 2014 | 6 day | Occipital | Delayed cry at birth, hypotonic with decreased spontaneous movements and had respiratory distress | Dysplastic cerebellar tissue with a herniated sac was excised, and the primary closure of the defect was performed |
18 [17] | 2016 | 7 months | Occipital | Craniosynostosis | Excision and repair of sac with strip craniectomy of sagittal and lambdoid suture |
19 [15] | 2016 | 40 days | Occipital | Persistent elevation of serum potassium levels | The child underwent complete surgical excision and repair of the meningoencephalocele |
20 [20] | 2016 | < 1 month | Occipital | Posterior cerebellar artery and basilar artery into the defect | Excision and repair |
21–22 [20] | 2016 | < 1 month | Occipital | No associated findings | Excision and repair |
23 [20] | 2016 | < 1 month | Occipital | No brain tissue inside the sac, hydrocephalus | Excision and repair |
24 [13] | 2017 | 2 months | Occipital | No associated findings | A circumferential incision was given on the swelling with meticulous dissection. The protruded portion of cerebellum was excised, and the dural closure was done |
25 [16] | 2017 | 1 day | Occipital | No associated findings | The sac with dysplastic brain tissue was excised and closed in a single layer using continuous suture |
26 [16] | 2017 | 1 month | Occipital | No associated findings | The sac was dissected out and the dysplastic brain tissue was excised. The sac was closed in a single layer using continuous suture, skin and subcutaneous tissue was closed |
27–55 [19] | 2017 | 5 months (average) | Occipital | Hydrocephalus (19 cases) and delayed milestones (17 cases) | Excision and repair |
56 [21] | 2018 | 1 day | Occipital | No associated findings | No associated findings |
57 [14] | 2019 | 4 months | Occipital | No associated findings | The encephalocele was excised and the dura was identified, and a watertight closure was carried out |
58 [9] | 2019 | 6 months | Occipital | Delayed motor milestones in the form of inability to hold her head | Excision of the redundant neural tissue, and closure of the dura done and skin was reconstructed |
59 [10] | 2019 | 10th day | Occipital | No associated findings | A transverse incision was given over the parietal mass followed by surgical excision and repair |
60 [6] | 2019 | 3 months | Occipital | The child had a delayed milestone with poor feeding and absent neck holding. ECHO showed the presence of a small 5 mm ASD with L → R shunt | Posterior paramedian incision was given, encephalocele sac along with some brain tissue was excised followed by primary duraplasty |