Demonstrative study of brain anatomical landmarks by intraoperative ultrasound imaging

Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery

Table 2 Brain landmarks by intraoperative ultrasound

Brain landmark	Echogenicity according to Gray-white scale in relation to brain tissues	Description
Ventricles	Homogeneous hypo-echogenic	Centrally located
Choroid plexus	Homogeneous hyper-echogenic	Ribbon shape inside the ventricles
Septum pellucidum	Homogeneous hyper-echogenic	Thick continuous line
Sulci	Heterogeneous hyper-echogenic	Small irregular dipping lines
Cistern	Heterogeneous hyper-echogenic	Lined and marginated cavity
Inter-hemispheric fissure	Heterogeneous hyper-echogenic	Large continuous thick line with side branching
Falx cerebri	Homogeneous hyper-echogenic	Thick continuous line may be shifted by mass effect
Tentorium cerebelli	Homogenous hyper-echogenic	Thick continuous line
Brain tissues	Homogeneous iso-echogenic	Difficult to delineate white from gray matters
Brain stem	Heterogeneous hyper-echogenic or hypo-echogenic	Rectangular in shape
Skull	Homogeneous hyper-echogenic	Thick continuous line
Edematous brain	Heterogeneous hyper-echogenic or hypo-echogenic	According to severity, more hypo-echogenic with tense edema